Sustainable energy systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainable vigour systems - Essay ExampleIn larger scales, solar thermic technology harnesses enough energy for us in generating energy equivalent to geothermal plants. Solar is a clean and renewable energy implying that unlike fogey fuels it neither pollutes the environment nor gets depleted. Its use is therefore much economical owe to the minimal environmental effects. The fall in Kingdom uses different forms of fogy energy in the form of petroleum products. Such fuels have been in use for years all through the invoice of the country in running companies, automobiles and in small-scale domestic uses. Fossil fuels are convenient owing to the fact that they are portable and considerately cheaper. Developed countries including the United Kingdom constitute the greatest users of the fossil fuels therefore the greatest polluters of the environment. The phrase sustainable energy refers to the production of sufficient energy at low-priced costs. The affordability of energy in this context does not only apply to the cost of production but in addition to the environmental consequences in the course of the use of the energy resource in a particular country. The United Kingdom currently consumes an average of 300TWh annually. ... From the above brief discussion, the two forms of energy become evident renewable energy and nonrenewable energy. Renewable energy refers to the different energy that comes from replenished sources. This refers to natural sources of energy, most of which are never depleted they come from natural sources which continually get recycled. Among the most common sources of this energy include rain, sunlight, wind, tidal waves and geothermal heat among many others. Non-renewable energy, on the other hand, comes from depleted source key among which are fossils thereby resulting in the term fossil fuels. Fossil fuels form because of a process referred to as anaerobic decay of living organisms. This process takes millions of years and the result ant fuels contain a lot of carbon. The most common forms of much(prenominal) energy include natural gas, petroleum and coal (BOYLE, 2012 pg 31). This therefore implies that despite their convenience and cheaper cost of production, fossil fuels are not convenient and the country should determine a way of reducing their usage and uphold the consumption of more cost effective energies. Renewable energy is not depleted, they are commonly referred to as clean energy owing to the fact that they do not involve the combustion of any inwardness and therefore do not result in by products such as carbon as is the case with fossil fuels. This explains that while fossil fuels pollute the environment through the production of carbon, clean energy does not owing to the fact that they do not produce any carbon compounds as the by products. Additionally, machines that run on fossil fuels produce a lot of noise owing to the combustion

NYPD Stop, Question, and Frisk Policy Term Paper

NYPD Stop, Question, and Frisk Policy - Term Paper modeling.. found that the stops were not actually finding or preventing abhorrences. 97% percent of stops resulted in no conviction at all, although they did still utilize city time and resources to reach those outcomes. (Clark, Meredith Reports Find Stop-and-Frisk Does not Cut Crime). Reports also say that the policy has only served to fuel racial divergence charges as those stopped are supposedly mostly black and Latino men. A move that according to most, constitutes the violation of a persons constitutional rights. The American public has their right to privacy and has quite strict rules regarding racial discrimination across the country. The spic-and-span York Stop-and-Frisk policy has chosen to ignore the constitutionally and legally protected rights of the New York citizens in an effort to keep peace within their borders. With an average of 88 percent of stop and frisks resulting in the plough of those being stopped wit hout issuing a ticket or resulting in an arrest (NY Stop and Frisk Policy Violates nonage Rights, US Constitution - calculate) , this policy should be seen as nothing but merely a nuisance. Evidence of this constitutional rights violation can be seen in the annals of the New York Attorney Generals situation as far back as 1999 when it was discovered that Black and Latino New Yorkers were stopped at far higher rates than white men and women (NY Stop and Frisk Policy Violates Minority Rights, US Constitution - Judge). much(prenominal) acts can be deemed as racial profiling which is a direct violation of the united States Constitution. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution declares that mess shall be protected from unreasonable searches. Yet in the enjoin of New York, under the Stop-and-Frisk policy, at least 200,000 stops were made without reasonable suspicion from the year 2002 - 2004. Such a high rate of stops overall makes it quite evident that that there is no crime taking place and that the people being stopped were not in any way playacting in a suspicious manner (Hanna, Jason Judge Rules NYCs Stop-and-Frisk Policy Unconstitutional City Vows Appeal). Over the prehistorical decade, a total of 5 million stops have occurred involving mostly Black and Hispanic men. The New York Stop-and-Frisk Policy is nothing more than a violation of ones right to privacy according to some people who have been involved in the implementation of the policy. Under the 14th Amendment people, regardless of gender, race, and ethnicity are also protected and given the equal protection of the law (Adelmann, Bob Judge Rules New York Citys Stop and Frisk Policy Unconstitutional). This amendment in particular is violated by the stop-and-frisk policy because of the conscious decision of the police force to concentrate their operations on the members of the black, Latino, and Hispanic communities. Due to the existence of the stop-and-frisk policy, New Yorkers are gripped with fear that they can be get the picture on the streets for no apparent reason. It has led people to fear a police state advent into existence in New York City. This is a policy that must be brought to an end because The NYPDs practice of devising stops that lack individualized reasonable suspicion has been so pervasive and persistent as to expire not only a part of the NYPDs standard operating procedure, but a fact of day-to-day life

Read chapter Nighn 9 and answer the questions Essay

Read chapter Nighn 9 and answer the questions - Essay shellThese musicians were responsible for promoting Nueva Cancion in support of an intensive leftist protest that expressed distaste for a totalitarian and capitalist regime as well as imperialism which occurred to corrupt the nations cultural individualism at that period. As a turning point in the history of the belongment, the presidential campaign of Salvador Allende in 1970 became sensationalized especially as it managed to convey the leaders strong Marxist convictions through an open pick in which the Nueva cancioneros contributed rhythms that thematically coincided with Allendes communist principles. At the time, the government may be perceived as a government of revolution which responded in utter agreement to the combined political ideals and musical creative thinking of the radical artists. The short-lived administration and the forerunning characters of the Nueva Cancion were of a single heart and passion in being p ro-people so that their joint forces, as a whole, were accounted for as highly significant in Latin American history, having influenced the ground with songs that communicate advocacies for human rights, anti-oppression, ethnicity, liberation, anti-poverty, and non-dictatorial martial rule. As an unfortunate consequence, however, the brutish takeover of the powerful military putsch some three years later fated Allende and supporters, Victor Jara, and some fellow artists with a sad end of death. The coup reacted to this extent of employing harsh measures toward Nueva Cancion as the movement had been viewed widely with the ample capacity to move and educate communities and turn them against their unrighteous rulers as vividly evident for instance in the crafts of Jara via lyrical core group of the pieces Venceremos and El aparecido. (2) What is a wawa velorio? Why is it a celebration? What takes place at this ceremony? (What types of activities and what type of music.) (1/3-page) B asically, the boundary wawa velorio pertains to a childs wash that is presented in a ritualistic manner and in particular, J.T. Titon describes it as an all-night affair for the wake of the deceased Quichua child. To illustrate the chief ground behind the rationale of its celebration, Titon states that The death of offspring children in Ecuador and throughout Latin America is a daily tragedy, one that through its very frequence ironically serves to preserve dozens of unique regional traditions of genre, instrument, and dance. Based on this, a thoughtful reflectance may be inclined to figure that the sadness of such regular tragedy must admit been too much to bear that families and the rest of the community prefer to celebrate with music and dynamic sporty activities rather than mourn over their grave loss of tender-aged loved ones. Apparently it makes sense, for when Latinos are gathered as such, they may be alleviated of a huge portion of burden as singing and terpsichore c ould function as a tribute to the dead and a natural yet sacred honorable mention of mortality and lifes severe misfortunes. During the wawa velorio event, according to Titon, a harpist and a golpeador or wake singer are hired to play vacacion a music sharply rendered with percussion instruments and sanjuan, respectively. While vacacion is rigorously instrumental and is solely played by the

Differences between a felony and a misdemeanor Assignment

digressions betwixt a malefactory and a irreverence - Assignment ExampleThe researcher statesthat there be significant differences between a felony offense and a intrusion offense. According to Currier and Eimermann, understanding these differences is important because it helps in understanding the procedural criminal law differences. The differences between felonies and misdemeanors will also determine the magnitude of punishment that a criminal offender receives. Breach of pink of my John is considered a plague in vulgar law countries. Ms. Singhs case should be addressed by classifying her crime every as a felony or misdemeanor before deciding the punishment she should receive. The acquire of this paper is to bring out the distinction between a felony and a misdemeanor so as to know the punishment that one is likely to receive for the crime of breaching peace. Both felonies and misdemeanors are classes if criminal offenses that are punishable by the law. Many scholars no te that the differences between a felony and a misdemeanor lie in the possible penalties that whitethorn be imposed for each type of crime. The consequences of the convictions of felonies and misdemeanors will help in find out the difference between the two classes of crime. Different jurisdictions have different punishments and criminal law procedures for felonies and misdemeanors. In beau monde to understand the difference between a felony and misdemeanor, it is imperative to de ticket the two terms as in the paper.... Definition of a felony The word felony has numerous definitions. The person who commits a felony is commonly referred to as a felon (Scaros, 2004). According to Currier and Eimermann (2009), a felony is defined as a significantly serious crime which is punishable either by death or a term longer than one year in a federal or state prison. Scaros (2004), on the other hand, defines a felony as a serious crime that carries a minimum term of one year or more only in a state prison because one year or less can be served in county jails. However, Emanuel (2007) notes that felons may sometimes receive sentences less than one year, depending on the limits set by the statute or the tastes discretion. Another way in which a felony may be defined is a crime for which federal law may punish by imprisonment for more than one year or by death (Emanuel, 2007). Felonies are the crimes taken to be of high seriousness. Definition of a misdemeanor A misdemeanor is defined as a criminal offense that is less serious compared to a felony (Currier & Eimermann, 2009). Scaros (2004), defines a misdemeanor as a criminal offense that is not as serious as a felony and is usually punishable by a jail term of less than one year, a fine or both. Another scholar, Emanuel (2007), points out that a misdemeanor is defined by comparing it to a felony. The ground level of seriousness of a misdemeanor is much less than that of a felony. He therefore defines a misdemeanor as an instance of misdeed or misbehavior and is considered a transgression or minor offense. Difference between a felony and misdemeanor It is important to note that both felonies and misdemeanors are criminal offenses under common law

The United States government should ban gun control laws Research Paper

The United States government should ban gun escort laws - Research Paper ExampleWatson (2005) argue that the gun politics have become a pregnant issue whereby many political leaders have come up with ideologies relating to possessing guns through illegal and non-illegal use. They wield this issue basing on the safety of the state, but the gun politics deals with the issue of regulations, personal possessing of firearms and restriction of victimization guns. The issues of gun have got have become the foremost debate in the United States. This isbecause the proponents argue that owning guns allow for contribute to widespread danger whereas the opponents argue that it is one of the individual rights for self-security. Gun politics in the US has been a serious and long debate in the American politics. The debate concerning the possession of guns has been for long decades the issue. somewhat politicians argue that the gun say-so should be prohibited whereas others argue that gun co ntrol should be permissible. Those who endure the US citizens from possessing the guns argue that it is one of the constitutional act of individual right of self-security. They argue this basing on the cooperate Amendment of constitutional right bill that permits and protects individual rights of owning handguns. This constitution right was ratified in December 1971 unitedly with other Bill of Rights. However, the Supreme Court ruled out the second amendment of permitting an individual to own handguns in a state for self- protective cover. The arguments in favor for banning the gun control laws are varied. First, the society requires commonsensible gun control laws. The local and federal government enacted laws that protect and defends the property of heap in the US. Thus, proponents of restricting gun control laws argue that, by under- regulating, the law will put the state residents at ludicrous risk. This is because the community requires reasonable gun control that would not create any risk to the domain. Crooker (2003) asserts that the American people may feelunsafe in case the government allows everyone in the community to carry a gun. Although the government may ban gun control, they should prohibit ordinary citizens from using the gun in the public places such as schools, hospitals, churches and market places. The government should offer the citizens of US a right for reasonable protection from any causes of danger especially danger of using the gun. Secondly, high rates of firearm related abandon and change magnitude deaths such as homicides are behind theneed for banning the gun control. The proponents of gun control argue that the gun control should be made illegal. This is because owing personal firearms will contribute to increased crimes such as homicides and increased deaths in a state. The research report of 2011 indicated that about 47 part of people in US own personal firearms in their houses (Watson, 2005). Thus, about 20 percent of homicides get in many parts of the US because many families own private handguns. Therefore, banning gun control is essential because it will reduce cases of homicides, which are common in some states, in the American society. Those reenforcement the ban of gun control believe that by restricting gun ownership in the US state, government will be able to lessen gun related crimes such as felo-de-se and homicides. This is because the research report indicates that gun related crimes are high in US with the majority of homicides beingness reported to be high followed by suicide. Watson 2005) argue that gun related

John F Kennedy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ass F Kennedy - Research Paper ExampleJohn on one eliminate was a Boston mayor from 1906 to 1908 while Patrick on the other hand was a senate representative for Massachusetts in 1892. This may be noted as a change factor towards the rise and success of John Kennedy and some of his brothers in American politics (Weber 26). During his childhood, Kennedy is said to set out suffered normal ailments such as chicken pox, measles and other transmittances that affect young children but of deduction is that he was diagnosed with a rare scarlet fever infection when he was 3 years old. The infection is said to be one of the most dangerous and communicable diseases and this worried his parents a lot, specially his father, who went to the point of promising that he would donate half of his had earned savings to humanity if his son recovered from this condition. However, Kennedy was a fighter and to the surprise of many, he was able to overcome the threat within approximately three months and true(a) to his word, Kennedys father fulfilled his promise by donating more than half of his entire savings to charity (Thomas 17).The Kennedy family lived in Brookline until when he was 10 years old after which they moved to New York City especially due to the success his father had in business, which made it possible to relocate to a larger and broad(a) house. During the 10 years before relocation, Kennedy had attended 3 schools which were Edward Devotion School, Noble and Greenbush Lower School, and the Dexter School, where he completed his 4th grade. Once in New York, he was enrolled into Riverdale country school, where he studied up to the 7th grade after which, he joined the Canterbury school for his 8th grade (Thomas 31). Reports indicate that Kennedy was a bright student, obedient and though he was small in size, he always was courageous and determined to excel in all areas. This was however a challenging task especially since he was an Irish catholic and this did

Credit control and charity research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Credit control and charity seek - Essay ExampleThe suppliers background is unknown to RTE and so there is huge jeopardy involved in fashioning the payment early. What if payment is not done, supplier waives off from his liability, the goods promised atomic number 18 not provided? The above questions are examples of pecuniary risk that the company features.To dishonor financial risk RTE can do a credit check on the customers financial history. To verify credit justice these are checks on the customers financial position (Gruening, 2000). To see whether a party is capable enough of making the loan payments, these checks are carried prior to accepting loan requests. Credit Bureaus run these credit checks and to verify financial data, various financial institutions are contacted. The companys credit score is then a stair of the companys credit worthiness and therefore a low credit score meaning high financial risk.To reduce their financial risk RTE can make use of references th at are provided to them by customers. The mechanism is simple. A list of references is exchanged at or before the contract .Reference is one who confirms that the inside information provided by a particular person are legal or not. Verifying the details by all references prior to making the payment can actually minimize Regeneration Through philanthropy Limiteds exposure to financial risk. By this they will not expose themselves by stipendiary anything that should not be paid. A true picture of the supplier can be obtained as the references are often people and companies with good reputation (Weiss, 2000).Other pickax on hand to the company to reduce financial risk is negotiating. In the current case the supplier asks for fifty percent initial payment. late terms can be set between RTE and supplier which are beneficial to RTE. There is an option that the supplier might agree to lower the initial amount of payment to be made if the general contract price is increased by a little margin.

Epidemiology in Public and Global Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epidemiology in Public and Global Health - Essay ExampleThis was the lands worst ever cholera clap, considering the fact that the country had never suffered any cholera bam for over half a century. The purpose of this paper is therefore, to examine the factors that led to the outbreak of this epidemic in Haiti, the wellness promotion/health protection strategies that can be used to successfully mitigate the outbreak, as well as the role of a BSN nurse in addressing the outbreak. Summary of article Piarroux e.t al (2011) article, judgement the Cholera Epidemic in Haiti seeks to establish the source of the cholera outbreak, as well as the health protection strategies to mitigate its spread. In mid-October 2010, the Haitian Ministry of Health reported the outbreak of cholera resulting from vibrio cholerae 01, a strain of cholera that is common in Asia. The epidemic came as a surprise because there was no incidence of cholera that had previously been reported in Haiti for more than h alf a century. Several hypotheses were drawn as to the likely causes of the outbreak, which included the hypothesis that the La Nina phenomenon experienced in the country was thus responsible for(p) for the growth of vibrio cholerae, and the other hypothesis of the importation of cholera disease from a country despic up to(p) from endemic cholera outbreaks (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). Through the use of advanced software, ScTScan, for field survey and the compilation of statistical data, the researchers were able to trace the source of the cholera outbreak that was now spreading rapidly across the communities living in the lower regions of the Artibonite River. It was thus confirmed that the source of the cholera outbreak was River Artibonite, but not the earth jounce as was initially thought. Epidemiological studies carried out by the researchers also seemed to support the hypothesis that the cholera outbreak in Haiti was imported. This is because there was an established correlati on of time and place between the eventual arrivals of the Nepalese military, which absolute majority of their members came from a place experiencing a cholera outbreak (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). This hypothesis was further confirmed by the distance of the Merille region in central Haiti and the fact that there were no other incomers in the region. The importation of the cholera strain in the Artibonite River basin may be hugely attributed to the asymptomatic carriage of the bacterial in the soldiers stool residue (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). This is because one of the most common transmission modes for cholera is through the fecal-oral route. Fecal-oral transmission in the Artibonite region can be directly attributed to the dumping of raw sewage into the Artibonite River from the Nepalese army camp, from where it flowed downriver into the strain fields along the river. This is evidenced by the fact that the majority of the cholera infections were recorded from the rice fields where 67 % of the population there drank the untreated water from the river basin and canals (Piarroux e.t al, 2011). Impact on nurse practice Nurses play an important role in the control and mitigation of any disease outbreaks. This is because a nurse, during the discharge of her professional duties, places not only her health at risk but also her warrantor and welfare, so as to help administer the relevant medical treatment to a patient. It is thus the prototypical and paramount

An evaluation of the law surrounding forced marriages Essay

An evaluation of the law skirt forced wedlocks - Essay ExampleAlthough, the government done legislation has tried to discourage forced pairings, these policy measures have been ineffective in eradicating the dehumanising pr fiddleice. This difficult in ending the tradition comes from the fact that the forced marriage is deeply rooted culture in the minority groups. According to the United Nations, Forced marriage consists a violation of individuals human rights. Forced marriages also violate the rights of children some of whom are forced into marriages before they change surface reach the age of 10. Legislative response that really tries to point the problem has only been enacted recently, but they remedy do not provide enough cover for individuals in forced marriages or under holy terror of being married forcefully. In 2007, the Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) telephone number) was passed where victims could obtain protection orders from courts. Recently, the Conservat ive government has inform plans to make forced marriage a criminal offence. This paper critically analyzes legislative attempts by in series(p) UK government to respond to the problem of forced marriages among minority groups. Secondly, it critically analyzes the proposed attempt to make forced marriage a criminal offence. ... a Nobleman could only marry a noblewoman.1 To retain and consolidate might noble families encouraged and coerced their children to intermarry. However, with cultural advancement these practices were disappeared before any ratified policy could be render to address the issue. Nobody envisioned that hundreds of years later a modern British society would be grappling with the problem of forced marriages. In the present and the last century, UK society made the first legal attempt to discourage forced marriage in 1949. In the Marriage Act 1949 prohibited marriages amongst parties below the age of 16 in section 2.2 This law was strengthened in the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 in Section 11 (a) (ii) put the age of consent for marriage at 16. The 1973 Act also provided protection for individuals below the age of 18 requiring the consent of a legal representative3. Under the matrimonial causes act an individual aged between 16 and 18 has the right to obtain consent for marriage through a court order, if the legal representative unreasonably refuses consent4. In the 1973 Act, all matrimonial relationship moldiness start through the free consent of both parties. In Section 12, the 1973 Act prohibits vitiating of consent by other factors like violence or pregnancy. In the 1960s UK governments made further legal changes to address the issue as immigrant communities continued to increase their number in the UK. In 1962, the UK signed the United Nations blueprint to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration5. The convention came into force two years later in 1964 and was adoptive by the UK in 1970. Later in 1969 the UK passed the Famil y Law Reform Act 1969 defined a someone under the age of 18 as a minor. Under this definition a minor

English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

English Literature - Essay ExampleThis personnel is what brings the reading of poetry closer to its goal the experience of life.One such device used to describe poetry an expression of the truth and a tool to convey meaning is the structures of lines. The length and brakes of the lines, judgment of conviction structure and visual layout of the poems and the usage of enjambments all contribute to the conveyance of intended message of the poetry.In this quiz I shall analyze how the structures of the poetic lines convey meaning of the poems taking the romantic poems as the central theme. In other words I shall evaluate the relationships between different poetic constructions of lines or structures and their effects in the meaning that we take form it. I shall analyze following five popular romantic poems talent examples of different structures of lines used within them William Blakes The Tyger, William Wordsworths Daffodils, S.T Coleridges Kubla Khan, P.B Shelleys Ozymandias and Jo hn Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn.William Blakes The Tyger is one of the most analyzed and discussed poems of the Romantic era in which Blake tries to set up the humanness of corruption and repression with a rather stark and creepy choice of words and expression. He exhibits the darker forces of the world using similar dark selection of sentence structures and words. George Ehrenhaft (2008, p.118) argues that To earn a poem you must understand its tone. The tone of William Blakes The Tyger has long puzzled and intrigued readers. To this day, therefore, more than two centuries after it was written, the poem remains an enigma. talk of the town about the visual layout of the poem, there seems to be enough elements that Blake uses to communicate to his readers. The stanzas and the lines are deliberately kept poor and brief, probably to intensify the fearful and intimidating effects of the Tyger. Shortness of the lines symbolizes fear and

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Organizational Behavior - Essay ExampleThis move describes the topic of organisational behavior. The researcher discusses the manifestation of the tenets mentioned, that is important as it determines the extent of their dependence on the endure regimes indoors an organization as well as the reliance on getting things done in an effective and efficient way. The different attitudes of the employees, their value systems, personality bases, ethical considerations and cultural variations depict the manner in which an organization is closely knitted. All of these factors, analyzed in the essay play a significant aim in harnessing the organization behavior myth, and for the betterment of the organization itself. These pointers highlight the manner in which an organization could fulfil success in the shortest possible time. Thus, it also stated by the researcher that different attributes of employees within the organizational settings puts them under all sorts of problems. However, the researcher also states that the deal is to remain proactive as far as work is concerned whilst speaking of the personality issues. These must never be discussed at length within the work settings so as to avoid minor skirmishes every now and so often. Individual attitudes need to remain sound and positive, the values strong, the personality issues steadfast towards work alone, ethical domains to the highest possible standards and the cultural differences rest just that cultural differences all of this would essentially mean success for both the organization itself and employees.

Mystery Skull Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Mystery Skull - Lab Report ExampleThe enigma skull has the values of these indices enter as 65, 23 and 90 respectively. The skulls were first grouped with reference to the top executive of supra-orbital vizor and the specimens D, F, G, H, I and B whose scientific names are given in chart 1 were set up to the potential identities of the closed book skull. The recorded values for the supra-orbital values were 70, 58, 58, 70, 66 and 70 respectively which were close to the closed book skulls values of 65. The observation was then narrowed down to the index of nuchal area height and unless three specimens (F, G and I) bore a resemblance to our mystery specimen with recorded values of 21, 23 and 12 referenced against the mystery specimens value of 23.A reference was then make to the index of the condylar position and we only remained with G and I (Homo erectus and Archaic Homo sapiens respectively). In order to separate the two specimens the non-index characteristics were observed and the physical traits of the specimens that match the ones of the mystery skull 1 were noted. The specimen G has thick kernelbrow projection while that is not the case for specimen I. in this case the mystery skull is similar to specimen I. it is also observed that the specimen G has a protruding face when compared to two specimen I and our mystery skull 1. A look at the shape of the eye orbits suggests that our mystery skull is skull I since skull G has square eye orbits while I and the mystery skull both have oval eye orbits. The height of the nasal orbit is also shorter for g when compared to the height of G and the mystery skull 1.The index characteristics index of supra-orbital height, index of nuchal area height and the index of the condylar position of the mystery skull 2 are recorded in the chart 1 as 71, 37 and 44.

The Al-Qaeda Terrorist Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Al- understructure Terrorist Organization - Essay ExampleThe 9/11 created such a ample worldwide impact that al intimately overnight, it virtually created a new breed of foreign, immigration and security policies not only of the United States but its allies as well.Al stand, which means the base, is an international terrorist face that was born at the heel of the Soviet retreat from Afghaniistan in 1989. It was created out of the remnants of Arab participation in the Afghan resistance against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan since 1978. As the defeated Soviets left Afghanistan, Osama bin Laden created al Qaeda to maintain the roster who participated in the resistance for future jihads. When bin Laden returned to Afghanistan in 1996 after he was driven out of Sudan through American pressure, he set up training camps for the training of Islamic militants under the noses of the hospitable Taliban. The group came under public glare in 1998 when it was linked to the bombing of the US embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. It virtually became a household name, however, after the suicide attacks on the mankind Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, an incident now known as 9/11 (Robinson 17).Al Qaedas advantage over other terrorist groups is its global reach. It is most noted for its use of suicide terrorism directed at multiple targets simultaneously. It is believed that the purpose of al Qaeda is religious that is, the establishment of a caliphate in the Middle East. Some quarters believed however that its motivations are policy-making and religion is a mere front concealing a goal geared at establishing global dominion.

Employee Safety, Health, and Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee Safety, Health, and well-being - Essay ExampleThirty days before the leave, a notice should be given to the employer, or in eggshell of emergency, as soon as possible. Employers can also ask for a health check certificate of the employee, spouse, and son, relative or of whoever has a serious illness that causes the leave. Upon the return of any employee from a leave, his position, benefits, honorarium and new(prenominal) conditions should still be the same. ( U.S. Office of Personnel Management)Accidents can never be avoided and it comes very unexpectedly. That is why the workers wages law was imposed to ensure the medical support that an employee will receive in case of an accident. The workers wages law has several benefits available depending on the different factors such as the graveness of the flaw, the exponent of the worker in his work, the level of his harm whether it will be permanent or temporarily save, the availability of his job, and the need for hea lth assistance. The compensation is usually calculated as two-thirds of the gross average weekly requital of the employee. (Moorehead)One type of benefit includes the medical treatment for the job injury or disease which is only available go recuperating and havent reached the maximum recovery. For a case of an intense injury or disease, medical benefits may last a lifetime. The employer is resposible for all the medical expenses of the injured employee including the health services, supplies, medicines, and other necessary care without allowable pay from the employee. Temporary weekly benefits willl be granted while the worker is unable to work because of his injury or disease and will end when he returned to work or when the doctor certifies that he has recovered. The compensation will not be nonrecreational in the first week of the temporary core disability unless it resulted a disability of more than fourteen days, but the compensation will be paid from the involvement o f disability. (Moorehead)When an employee has reached his maximum healing but still unable to work, such as when you injure your eyes, back and other body parts that will not function as good as before, permanent partial(p) disability benefits should be granted with the appropriate pctage loss or malfunctioning of the body parts. Limits on compensation depends on the body part that is not functioning well and to the empployees weekly compensation rate. This is paid together with the temporary total disability benefits. (Moorehead)In case of a very severe injury that it is no longer enabling the employee to be engaged in any kinds of work, a permanent total benefit is entitled to him wherein he will be given a five hundred weeks of compensation plus a lifetime medical treatment for his injury. If unluckily, the employee died within two years of disability, or while the total disability continues or within six years after the accident, the relatives of the diseased employee should re ceive 66.67 percent of his weekly wages for a period of 5five hundred weeks. (Moorehead)The Occupational Safety and Health Act

An analysis of two engineering Forms of Contract Coursework

An analysis of two engine room Forms of Contract - Coursework ExampleThese benefits are in terms of cost b saving, improvement of quality of both services and products, and time-saving.The very first necrotizing enterocolitis contract was published in 1993. The abbreviation necrotizing enterocolitis stands for New Engineering Contract. This new type of engineering contracts was a radical shift from the traditional contracts that existed before the year 1993. Unless the previous contracts, this contract is written in plain language. The contract abandoned the frustrating nature of the previous engineering projects and concentrates on stimulating the parties involved. by and by the first edition of NEC contract, the second edition was published. This new edition was called the NEC Engineering and formulation Contract. This was only two years after the NEC contract was published. This new NEC contract had Adjudicators Contract, a new professional service and subcontracts together wi th a set of back-to-back trivial forms.In April 2013, this cortege was enlarged and updated. The new move saw the total number of documents making it rise to 39 documents. These documents include Professional Services Short Contracts and a set of enhanced guidance documents. The professional services short contracts are the standard form used to appoint project managers by the Association of project Management. The updated NEC contract is called the NEC3.The NEC3 is recognized worldwide for its unrivaled track record. This has seen it getting endorsements from both industry and governments all around the world. Some of the major engineering projects that have been delivered by this contract within budget and on time are the venues for both the 2012 London Olympic venue and the Paralympic games venue. This projects put the NEC3 onto a whole new level.FIDICs standard form of contract is much older than the NEC3 contract which is quite recent. This type of contract is

Tinnitus And The Psychology Of Hearing Essay Example for Free

Tinnitus And The Psychology Of Hearing EssayTinnitus is the intrinsic sensation of racketusually described as ringing, hissing, buzzing, roaring, chirping, or clicking soundsin the ears that cannot be attributed to any outer sound (Hannan, Sami, W atomic number 18ing, 2005 Lalwani, Snow, 2005). The American Tinnitus Association (2007) estimates that about 50 million Americans experience tinnitus, with men affected much than women (Lockwood, Salvi, Burkard, 2002). Twenty-five percent of these individuals suffer from severe enough tinnitus to prompt medical reference point. Although a comparatively common condition, the mechanisms of tinnitus are as yet poorly understood (Lalwani et al, 2005 Lockwood et al, 2002). As discussed by Lockwood and associates (2002), there are currently two schools of thought that offer contradictory explanations as to the origin of tinnitus.On the one draw are those who forward the hypothesis that tinnitus is mainly due to a cochlear pathology , as evidenced by the high incidence of cochlear damage in individuals with tinnitus. This is countered on the other hand by those who declare a interchange nervous system origin of tinnitus, as implied by the observation of tinnitus in patients with get laid transections of the auditory nerve (Lockwood et al, 2002). The present paper is a review of the physiology of hearing, and an attempt to correlate it with tinnitus.Hearing is a function subserved computer peripherally by the ears and the auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII), and centrally by the transverse laic gyri of the temporal lobe (Willis, 2004). These structures altogether make up the auditory system, which primarily functions in the transduction of sounds emanating from the environment. The peripheral auditory appliancethat is, the earacts as the interface between the external environment and the individual. Soundactually flap vibrationsenters the external auditory canal and sets the tympanic membrane in motion. This, in turn, moves the ossiclesthe maleus, incus and stapeswhich causes wedge changes in the precarious-filled inner ear.Clearly, from the external environment to the inner ear, sound is carried as wave vibrations, transmitted ab initio through solidscartilage and boneand later through a fluid mediathe perilymph and endolymph. The efficiency of this processa transfer of energy from air, through solids, then through fluidsis ensured by the tympanic membrane and the ossicles, which act as an impedance-matching device (Lalwani et al, 2005). From the internal ear to the central nervous system, on the other hand, sound is interpreted as gradients of electron charges across membranes.The inner earprincipally the cochleais a complex composed of the bony and membranous labyrinths. The bony labyrinth role of the cochlea includes several chambers, namely the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. The scala vestibuli connects with the vestibule and the oval window, whereas the scala ty mpani connect with the bicycle window. These two chambers merge at the helicotrema, located at the cochlear apex. The membranous labyrinth component of the cochlea is the scala media, which is located between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. As mentioned previously, the inner ear is a fluid-filled structure.Specifically, the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani are filled with perilymph, which check cerebrospinal fluid, while the scala media is filled endolymph, which resembles intracellular fluid (Willis, 2004). Within the cochlea is located the electric electric organ of Corti, the neural setup responsible for sound transduction, which is composed of several thousand fuzz cells, the sensory receptors for sound. At the apex of each(prenominal) hair cell are stereocilia, and at the base are nerve fibers that belong to the cochlear sectionalization of the eighth cranial nerve.The sound wave transmitted by the middle ear case fluid movements inwardly the bony labyrinth, and part of the hydraulic energy of these fluid movements result in dis arrangement of the organ of Corti. The stereocilia are deformed or bent by the shear forces produced by this relative displacement. The current model of cochlear transduction is that displacement of the tips of the stereocilia, especially if this displacement is toward the tallest cilium (Willis, 2004), allows potassium to flow into the cell, resulting in its depolarization (Lalwani et al, 2005 Ricci, Kachar, Gale, train Netten, 2006).The influx of potassium opens calcium channels near the base of the cell, stimulating transmitter release, thought to be glutamate or aspartate (Willis, 2004 Lalwani et al, 2005 Ricci et al, 2006), and firing of the cochlear nerve fibers. This discharge is transmitted to, from peripheral to central, the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, trapezoid body, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (which gives rise to the auditory radiation), and ends in the auditory cerebral cortex located in the transverse temporal gyri of the temporal lobe (Willis, 2004 Lalwani et al, 2005). The end-result of all these is the perception of sound.The natural perception of sound that is tinnitus could theoretically originate anywhere along the length of the auditory system. However, since the sound perceive of individuals suffering from tinnitus is not attributable to any external source, the origin of tinnitus could be limited to the cochlea, specifically the organ of Corti, and the central nervous sytem (Lockwood et al, 2005).Cochlear damage, specifically damage to the hair cells of the organ of Corti, was initially believed to cause tinnitus (Eggermont, 1990 Zenner Ernst, 1993). Although auditory receptor cells have been documented to regenerate and subsequently recover functionally after damage in many vertebrates (Goode, Carey, Fuchs, Rubel, 1999 Stone Rubel, 2000 Zakir Dickman, 2006), spontaneou s regeneration of mammalian hair cells does not occur (Zakir et al, 2006). Damage to hair cells, especially through prolonged exposure to supraphysiologic sound levels, may result to transmission of depolarization within the hair cell, and, thus, false perception of sound in the absence of an external source of the same.In origin to this proposition was the hypothesis forwarded by Lockwood and companions (2002), which attributes tinnitus to central nervous system defects. They propose that hearing loss results to reorganization of the pathways in the central auditory system, which lead to abnormal interactions between auditory and other central pathways, as is seen in neuropathic pain. An example of this phenomenon is gaze-evoked tinnitus, where lateral eye movements fail to produce the inhibition of the auditory cortex observed in controls. It was proposed that the absence of this phenomenon may contribute to the false perception of sounds, that is, tinnitus (Lockwood et al, 2002 ). It was contended that this explanation accounted for the perception of tinnitus in individuals whose auditory nerves have already been previously transected.Lockwood and associates (2002), citing from Levine (1999), also forwarded the explanation that tinnitus results from a reduction in auditory-nerve input, which leads to disinhibition of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and an increase in spontaneous activity in the central auditory system. This mechanism was proposed to explain tinnitus experienced by normal individuals following exposure to noise, or placement in total silence.REFERENCESAmerican Tinnitus Association (2007). About tinnitus. Retrieved April 3, 2007, from http//www.ata.org/about_tinnitus/consumer/faq.html1.Eggermont JJ (1990). On the pathophysiology of tinnitus a review and a peripheral model. Hear Res, 48, 111-24.Goode CT, Carey JP, Fuchs AF, Rubel EW (1999 March). Recovery of the vestibulocolic reflex after aminoglycoside ototoxicity in domestic chickens. J Neuro physiol, 81(3), 1025-35.Hannan SA, Sami F, Wareing MJ (2005, 29 January). 10-minute consultation tinnitus. BMJ, 330, 237.Lalwani AK, Snow JB (2005). Disorders of smell, taste, and hearing. In DL Kasper, E Braunwald, AS Fauci, SL Hauser, DL Longo, JL Jameson (Eds.), Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.) (pp.176-185). cutting York McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division.Levine RA (1999). Somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis. Am J Otolaryngol, 20, 351-62.Lockwood AH, Salvi RJ, Burkard RF (2002, 19 September). Current concepts tinnitus. N Engl J Med, 347(12), 904-910.Radeloff A, Smolders JW (2006, May). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment does not improve functional recuperation after hair cell regeneration in the pigeon. Acta Otolaryngol, 126(5), 452-9.Ricci AJ, Kachar B, Gale J, Van Netten SM (2006). Mechano-electrical transduction new insights into old ideas. J Membr Biol, 209(2-3), 71-88.Smith ME, Coffin AB, Mill er DL, Popper AN (2006, November). Anatomical and functional recovery of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) ear following noise exposure. J Exp Biol, 209(Pt 21), 4193-202.Stone JS, Rubel EW (2000, 24 October). Cellular studies of auditory hair cell regeneration in birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(22), 11714-21.Willis WD (2004). The special senses. In RM Berne, MN Levy, BM Koeppen, BA Stanton (Eds.), Physiology (5th ed.) (pp. 118-154). Missouri Mosby.Zakir M, Dickman JD (2006, 15 March). mutation of vestibular otolith afferents after ototoxic damage. J Neurosci, 26(11), 2881-93.Zenner HP, Ernst A (1993). Cochlear-motor, transduction and signal-transfer tinnitus models for three types of cochlear tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 249, 447-54.